or tuberculosis can result in a chronic cough.
- Postnasal Drip: Excess mucus from the nose or sinuses drips down the throat, triggering a cough.
- Medications: Certain medications, particularly ACE inhibitors used for hypertension, can cause chronic cough as a side effect.
Symptoms
A persistent cough may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause:
- Asthma: Wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
- COPD: Increased mucus production, wheezing, and breathlessness.
- GERD: Heartburn, regurgitation, and sour taste in the mouth.
- Infections: Fever, fatigue, and chest pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing the cause of a persistent cough involves several steps:
- Medical History and Physical Exam: Evaluating symptoms, lifestyle factors, and a physical examination.
- Chest X-Ray or CT Scan: Imaging tests to look for lung abnormalities.
- Spirometry: A lung function test to diagnose conditions like asthma or COPD.
- Allergy Tests: Identifying potential allergic reactions contributing to the cough.
- Endoscopy: Examining the esophagus and stomach for signs of GERD.
Treatment
Treatment for a persistent cough focuses on addressing the underlying cause:
- Asthma: Inhalers (bronchodilators and corticosteroids) to reduce inflammation and open airways.
- COPD: Medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy.
- GERD: Lifestyle changes, antacids, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
- Infections: Antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for viral infections, and appropriate medications for tuberculosis.
Home Remedies
In addition to medical treatment, some home remedies may help alleviate a persistent cough:
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to thin mucus.
- Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air can soothe irritated airways.
- Honey: Taking honey can help soothe a sore throat and reduce coughing.
- Avoiding Irritants: Reducing exposure to smoke, pollution, and allergens.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if the cough:
- Lasts more than eight weeks.
- Is accompanied by unexplained weight loss, fever, or night sweats.
- Produces blood or has a barking sound.
- Is severe enough to interfere with sleep or daily activities.
